Bio-clusters as Co-evolutionary Developments of High Tech, Venture Capital and Socio-Political Institutions: A Historical Perspective of Cambridge and Scotland

Venture capital in Australia

Venture capital is an important vehicle for financing new and innovative high-risk ventures. While its size relative to the economy is typical for an OECD country, Australia’s total venture capital investment is relatively smaller than that of the United States. The US, however, has a number of regions or ‘clusters’ with very high levels of venture capital activity, such as Silicon Valley and B...

Understanding Electronic Commerce from a Historical Perspective

The aim of this paper is to use historical insights from modern commerce as entry points to examine the macro-level phenomena associated with electronic commerce (EC). Commerce in its modern form first appeared in early 13 century Italy where conducive political conditions existed. Trade facilitated the exchange of goods, thereby enhancing the efficiency of processes between production and cons...

Multiple Directorships in Cambridge Hi-tech Cluster Implications for policy and research

This paper explores the significance of individuals and their particular assets of experience and networks, as the key influence to the growth process of the high technology cluster in Cambridge. There is substantial evidence that serial entrepreneurs may develop a high level of social capital and play an important role in shaping the formation of clusters in which they operate. Their multiple ...

Seasonal and circadian variations of hemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters in telemetered beagle dogs

تبیینی از علل تغییرات سرمایه اجتماعی در ایران

Social capital has recently turned into an outstanding subject in development literature and considering its socio-economic and political implications in our country, and Iran’s 20-year vision document has required its improvement. One of the crucial issues of social capital is its formation and developments whose understanding appears a must and prerequisite to improve it. A brief glance at Ir...